Operating system || Explain operating system

 What is an operating system ?:

Computer takes support of various devices and programs to do its work. There is also a separate and special computer program to handle these devices and programs, this special and master program is known as the operating system. Which breathes life into the computer system. Without this program, the computer is like a dead box, therefore, all computer users should have basic knowledge about this very important computer program. Only then, it will help to use the computer properly. In this article, we will give you complete information about the Operating System. For the convenience of study, we have divided this article into the following parts.

An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and control the execution of all kinds of program.

An operating system is a software that manage a computer hardware. It also provide a basis for application program and acts as an intermediate between user and the hardware.

An operating system is a collection of set of program which manage all resource, it is a system software that allows the user to perform file management, device management, memory management, process management, resource management etc.

Architecture of operating system:

Computer system overview of operating system:

operating system provide different type of view. An operating system is constructed that allows the user. application to with the system hardware, operating system by itself doesn't provide the function but it provide an atmosphere in which different application and program can do useful work.

1. Hardware
2. OS
3. Application program
4. User

Application program:

It is a computer software package in which the resource are manipulated. The operating system controls the hardware and co-ordinate it to use among various application program for the different users.

An operating system provide the two type of view.

User view :

The user view depends on the system interface that the user use. The user view is all about now the user has to interact with the operating system with the help of various applications.

It also provide the abstract view because it provide all the features which are important for user like, case of use , resource utilization in an efficient and convenient way.

System view:

From the system's Program Organization Unit (POU), the operating system is the program that is most intimately involved with the hardware, in this context the operating system can be viewed as a resource allocator and program controller. A computer system has many resource such as CPU time,  Memory space, storage space, hence the operating context act as the manager of these resources.

Component of operating system :

1). Process Management:-  process is a program under execution every program that runs on the computer whether on the background or the front end is called a process.

Process management is an execution unit is which a program operates. The operating system determine the status of the processor, and processes, select a process and its processor allocate the processor to the process and deallocated the processor after the process is finished.

2). Memory management :-  The operating system manage the primary memory. Main memory is made up of a large array of bytes or word, where each byte assign to a certain address.

A program is first reloaded into main memory before it can be executed. The operating system perform following task or memory management.

The operating system keeps trace of primary memory which user program can use from of bytes of memory address that have already assign.

3). Device management:-  A file system is divided into directories to make navigations more efficient.

The file management of operating system are perform by 

1. keeping tracks of where the data is kept.
2. user access setting and data of each file.
3. decides which process gets the device when and for how long.
4. Allocate the device in efficient way and deallocated.

4). File management :- A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These  directories may contain files and other directories.

1. keeps track of information, location, user status, etc.
2. decide who gets the resources.
3. Allocate and deallocate the resource and other important activities.

5). Security :- By means of password and similar other technique, it prevent unauthorized access to program and data.

6). Job accounting :-  keeping track of time and resource used by various job and users.

7). Error detecting aids:-  production of dumps, tracks, error message and  other debugging and error detecting aids.

Co-ordination between other software and users:

Co-ordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer system.

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